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Referencing: APA Style 7th Edition

This is a guide to using the Citing and Referencing: APA 7th Edition

Audio, music and visual media

Audio, music and visual media, includes films and documentaries, online streaming videos (such as YouTube videos), podcasts, TV shows and episodes, music albums and tracks, as well as static objects such as music scores, maps, artworks or photographs.

Some of the descriptions of mediums are: [Film], [Video], [TV series], [TV series episode], [Webinar], [Album], [Song], [Audio podcast], [Video podcast], [Painting], [Photograph], [Map]. These can be adapted to best suit the material you are citing, keeping in mind you should use the description that best enables your reader to locate the material.

Films and video recordings of films

Format:

Author, A. A. (role in production). (Year). Title of movie [Format e.g. Film or DVD with commentary]. Name of Studio.
Example:  

Mamdoo. F., (Producer). (1998). What happened to Mbuyisa? [DVD] Endemol Entertainment.

Video file (e.g. Youtube video)

  • The person or group who uploaded the video is credited as the author, even if they did not create the work.
  • If both an author's real name and username are known, provide the real name followed by the username in square brackets
  • If the real name of the author is unknown, use just the username as the name. Do not abbreviate the username and do not put it in square brackets.
  • When referencing a TED talk retrieved directly from the TED website, list the presenter of the talk as the author.
  • When retrieving a TED talk from YouTube; list TED as the author (as they are the 'uploader').
Format:   

Author, A. A. OR Author screen name. (YYYY, Month DD {of video post}). Title of video [Video]. Title of website. https://xxxxx
Example: 

Unilever Institute of Strategic Marketing, (2004). Marketing in South Africa video case studies [Video]. https://bit.ly/3y3p1Bv

Television and radio programs - single episode in a series

Format: 

Author, A. A. (role in production). (Year of release). Title of episode [Format]. In A. Author (role in production), Title of series. Production company.
Example: 

Markgraaff, D. (Producer). (1999) [Season 1, Episode 1]. In M. Mavuso (Director), Yizo, Yizo. aduma Film Factory.

Television and radio programs - series or single program

  • A single programme is called a Television broadcast.
  • Specify the broadcast date for a single programme.
Format: 

Author, A. A. (role in production). (Year of release). Title of program [Format]. Production company.
Example: 

Ndlovu, D. (Executive Producer). (1997). Muvhango [TV series]. Word of Mouth Productions.

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