Law: Transnational Criminal Justice

Definition and Origins of TJ; Conceptual Foundations and Theories of Transitional Justice

• Tietel G. Ruti, Transitional Justice 
• J Elster, Closing the Books: Transitional Justice in Historical Perspective 
• Genís Galceran and Juan Carlos Palacios, What makes transitional justice possible? An analysis of the Spanish case (2023) Taylor & Francis 1-24.
• Brinton M. Lykes and Colleen Murphy, Decolonizing transitional justice: soft, radical or beyond reform (2023) The International Journal of Transitional Justice.
• Roy L. Brooks, Symposium Introduction Walking with Destiny (2023) 60 San Diego Law Review
• Collen Murphy, The conceptual foundations of transitional justice (Cambridge University Press 2017)
• Naomi Roht-Arriaza and Javier Mariecurrena (eds.) Transitional justice in the twenty-first century: Beyond Truth Versus Justice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (2012) pp1-20
• Ruti G. Teitel, ‘Human Rights in Transition: Transitional Justice Genealogy’, 16 Harvard Human Rights Journal (2003) 69-94.
• Paige  Arthur, How Transitions Reshaped Human Rights: A Conceptual History of Transitional Justice (2009) 31 Human Rights Quarterly 321-67

Dilemmas and Debates in Transitional Justice:  

Peace versus Justice;

• Chandra Lekha Sriram and Suren Pillay, Peace Versus Justice? The Dilemma of Transitional Justice in Africa. 
• Lambourne, Wendy, Transitional Justice and Peacebuilding After Mass Violence (2009) International Journal of Transitional Justice 28-48.
• Kerr, Rachel and Eirin Mobekk. “Chapter 2: The Nuremberg Legacy” Peace & Justice: Seeking Accountability After War (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007) pages 18 - 28. 
• Per Olsson and Michele-Lee Moore, A resilience-based transformations approach to peacebuilding and transformative justice (2024) 66 Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability.
• Dilyara Müller-Suleymanova, Remembering and dealing with violent past: diasporic experiences and transitional dimensions (2024) 47       Ethnic and Racial Studies.

Retributive Justice through Criminal Prosecutions International and National Criminal Prosecutions:

Country Study: Rwanda (ICTR) and Gacaca Courts

• Kerr, Rachel and Eirin Mobekk. “Chapter 2: Ad Hoc International Tribunals: The ICTY and ICTR” Peace & Justice: Seeking Accountability After War (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007). Pages 30-54.
• Abraham Tamukum Tangwe, Gloire Sebuyange Victoire and Patrick Kofi Benyin, The Relevance of Home-Grown Solutions: A Comparative Analogy of Gacaca and Abunzi Mediation in Rwanda (2023) 10 Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal.
• David Rawson, From retribution to reconciliation: transitional justice in Rwanda 1994-2011 (2012) 13 Georgetown Journal of International Affairs.
• Max Rettig, Gacaca: Truth, justice and reconciliation in postconflict Rwanda? (2008) African Studies Review.
• Susan Thomason, The darker side of transitional justice: the power dynamics behind Rwanda’s “Gacaca” courts (2011) Africa: Journal of the International African Institute.
• Patryk I. Labuda, The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and post-genocide justice 25 years on (2020) 31 European Journal of International Law.
• Astri Suhrke, Justice in Africa: Rwanda’s genocide, its courts and the UN criminal tribunal (2002) 78 International Affairs

The International Criminal Court Cases

• Kerr, Rachel and Eirin Mobekk. “Chapter 3: The International Criminal Court,” Peace & Justice: Seeking Accountability After War (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007).pages 58-77.
• Charles Villa-Vicencio, Why perpetrators should not always be prosecuted: where the international criminal court and truth commission meet (2000) 49 Emory L.J.
• Obiora Chinedu Okafor and Uchechukwu Ngwaba, The International Criminal Court as a transitional justice’ mechanism in Africa: some critical reflections (2014) 9 International Journal of Transitional Justice 1-19.

Country Study: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan 

• Elias Omondi Opongo, Historical dynamics of the Northern Uganda conflice: A longitudinal struggle for nation building in Kenneth Omeje and Tricia Redeker Hepner (eds) Conflicts and peacebuilding in the African Great Lakes Region (Indiana University Press 2013).

International Prosecution with Local Participation or Hybrid Courts

Country Study: Sierra Leone: The Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL)

• Kerr, Rachel and Eirin Mobekk. “Chapter 4: Internationalized Courts.” Peace & Justice: Seeking Accountability After War (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007).pages 80-101.
• William A. Schabas ‘The Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission’ in Javier Mariezcurrena and Naomi Roht-Arriaza (eds), Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth Versus Justice (Cambridge University Press 2006).
• Unobe, E. Christabel, Justice mirage? Sierra Leone’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission and Local Women’s Experiences Peace and Conflict, 2022, Vol.28 (4), p.429-436. 
• Lyn S. Graybill, Religion, Tradition and Restorative Justice in Sierra Leone (University of Notre Dame Press 2017) 31-53, 71-97 & 127-153.

Truth Commissions

Country Study I: South Africa (The Truth and Reconciliation Commission)

• Kerr, Rachel and Eirin Mobekk. “Chapter 6: Truth Commissions” Peace & Justice: Seeking Accountability After War (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007) pages 128-149.
• Christoffel H. Thesnaar, Seeking feasible reconciliation: A transdisciplinary contextual approach to reconciliation (2014) 70 Theological Studies.
• Tapiwa Seremani, Carine Farias and Stewart Clegg, New order and old institutions: South Africa and the institutional work of the truth and reconciliation commission (2022) 4 Organization Studies 573-593.
• Barney Pityana, The truth and reconciliation commission in South Africa: perspective and prospects (2018) 14 Journal of Global Ethics 194-207.
• Van Zyl, Paul. “Dilemmas of Transitional Justice: The Case of South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission.” Journal of International Affairs 52.2 (Spring 1999): 647-667.
• Gibson, James L. “The Contributions of Truth to Reconciliation: Lessons from South Africa.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 50 (2006): 409-432.
• Priscilla Hayner, Unspeakable truths: Transitional justice and the challenge of truth commissions, 2n edition, London: Routledge, 2010 

Blended Transitional Justice: Truth Commissions and Prosecution

Country Study I: The Kenyan Case

• The Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission Reports, Volumes 1-4 (2013).
• Natascha Mueller-Hirth, Reparations and the politics of waiting in Kenya (2021) 15 Journal of Eastern African Studies 464-484.
• Chinkin, Christine & Rangelov, Iavor, A Bottom-up Approach to Redressing Past Violations of Human Rights, in Bottom-Up Politics: An Agency-Centred Approach to Globalisation 112 (Kostovicova, Denisa & Glasius, Marlies eds., 2011). 
• Ozonnia Ojielo, Tricia Redeker Hepner and Kenneth Omeje, Justice versus reconciliation: the dilemmas of transitional justice in Kenya in Kenneth Omeje and Tricia Redeker Hepner (eds) Conflicts and peacebuilding in the African Great Lakes Region (Indiana University Press 2013) 122-140.
• Nicole Dicker and Evelyne Asaala, Transitional justice in Kenya and the UN Special Rapporteur on Truth and Justice: where to from here? (2013) 13 African Human Rights Law Journal 324-355.

Selective Prosecution and Selective Pardon

Country Study: Liberia and Uganda

• Kerr, Rachel and Eirin Mobekk. “Chapter 7: Traditional Informal Justice Mechanisms” Peace & Justice: Seeking Accountability After War (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007) pages 151-171.
• Huyse, Luc and Mark Salter. Eds. Traditional Justice and Reconciliation After Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences. (Stockholm, IDEA, 2008) pages 1-21, 85-119, 181-192. 
• Baines, Erin K. “The Haunting of Alice: Local Approaches to Justice and Reconciliation in Northern Uganda.” The International Journal of Transitional Justice 1 (2007): 91-114.
• Kathleen M. Jennings, Unclear Ends, Unclear Means: Reintegration I Postwar Societies- The case of Liberia (2008) 14 Global Governance 327-345.
• Andrea Tamagnini and Teresa Krafft, Strategic approaches to reintegration: lessons learned from Liberia (2010) 16 Global Governance 13-20.

Forgiveness and Forgetting

Country Study: Burundi 

• Sandra Rubli, (Re)marking the social world: the politics of transitional justice in Burundi (2013) 1 Africa Spectrum 3-24.
• Stef Vandeginste, Burundi’s truth and reconciliation commission: how to shed light on the past while standing in the dark shadow of politics (2012) 6 International Journal of Transitional Justice 355-365.
• Cyrus Sammi, Who want to forgive and forget? Transitional justice preferences in postwar Burundi (2013) 50 Journal of Peace Research 219-233.

Reparations

The Gambia

• De Greiff, Pablo, Justice and Reparations, in Handbook of Reparations (De Greiff, Pablo ed., 2006).
• Anna M. Agathangelou, Aibakyt Baiekova and Khaoula Bengezi Reparations, Time, and Decolonizing Postcolonial Violence towards Global Gender Justice (2023)35 Feminist Formations. 
• Mark Kersten ‘Some reasons are obvious, some are not. The Gambian experience with transitional justice’ in Joanna R. Quinn, Samar El-Masri and Tammy Lambert (eds), Transitional Justice in Comparative Perspective: Preconditions for Success (Springer International Publishing 2020) 149.
• Emily J. Kwahara, Transformative Dynamics: Reframing the role of reparations in transforming social order (2023) 60 San Diego Law Review.