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Referencing Styles Guide @ UWC: In-text

Paraphrasing

If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference, but APA guidelines encourage you to also provide the page number (although it is not required.) 

eg,
According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners.
or,
APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones, 1998, p. 199).

Note: APA style requires authors to use the past tense or present perfect tense when using signal phrases to describe earlier research, for example, Jones (1998) found or Jones (1998) has found...

In-text styles

  • Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D. Jones.
  • If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source: Permanence and Change. Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs: Writing New MediaThere Is Nothing Left to Lose(Note: in your References list, only the first word of a title will be capitalized: Writing new media.)
  • When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word: Natural-Born Cyborgs
  • Capitalize the first word after a dash or colon: Defining Film Rhetoric: The Case of Hitchcock's Vertigo
  • Italicize or underline the titles of longer works such as books, edited collections, movies, television series, documentaries, or albums: The Closing of the American MindThe Wizard of OzFriends. 
  • Put quotation marks around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles, articles from edited collections, television series episodes, and song titles: "Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds""The One Where Chandler Can't Cry."

Short quotes using APA

If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and the page number for the reference (preceded by "p."). Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses.

According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199). 

Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers?

If the author is not named in a signal phrase, place the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation.

She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.

Long quotes using APA

Place direct quotations longer than 40 words in a free-standing block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1cm from the left margin. Type the entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation 1cm from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout. Give the page number or citation in brackets after the final full stop of the quote.

Jones's (1998) study found the following: 

   Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to  purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)

 

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